Nonivamide

Properties of Capsaicin
Melting point 54 ° C
Boiling point 200-210 ° C (Press: 0.05 Torr)
Density 1,1 g/cm3
FEMA 2787 | NONANOYL 4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZYLAMIDE
Flash point 190 ° C
Storage conditions Sealed in dry, 2-8 ° C
Solubility methanol: 100 mg/mL, clear to slightly turbid
Acidity coefficient (pKa) 9.76 ± 0.20 (Predicted)
Form powder
Color: White to off white
Odor is tasteless
Fragrant Bland
JECFA Number 1599
BRN 2144300
Stable and stable. Incompatible with strong oxidants.
InChIKey RGOVYLWUIBMPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP 3.43
CAS Database 2444-46-4 (CAS Data Base Reference)
EPA Chemical Substance Information Nonanamide, N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]- (2444-46-4)
Application and synthesis methods of capsaicin
Chili active ingredients
Capsaicin, also known as capsaicin or capsaicin, is the active ingredient in the red chili pepper plant of the chili genus. It is irritating to mammals, including humans, and can cause a burning sensation in the skin. Capsaicin and its related compounds are collectively referred to as capsaicin like substances, which may be secondary metabolites produced by chili peppers to prevent herbivorous animals from gnawing and fungi from parasitizing. Most birds are not sensitive to capsaicin like substances. Pure capsaicin is a water repellent, lipophilic, colorless, odorless crystalline or waxy compound.

Discover History
In 1876, high purity capsaicin was first isolated and its chemical composition was determined in 1919. In 1930, E Spath and S F. Darling et al. completed the artificial synthesis of capsaicin.
nature
Capsaicin has strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
application
Natural capsaicin is a compound with low toxicity, no pollution, and multiple biological functions, which has a wide range of applications in daily life. Firstly, it is used as a seasoning. Capsaicin is found in chili powder, chili sauce, curry, and hotpot base, greatly improving the taste and flavor of dishes; Using the irritant effect of capsaicin, people can also add it to the spray for self-defense in an emergency. In addition, in recent years, it has been found that capsaicin has good analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. At present, there are creams made of capsaicin used for surface application to treat skin pain and itching, with significant therapeutic effects. Capsaicin can also be used as a pest repellent and has been used to manufacture functional plastic pellets and coatings for termite and rodent control, for use in cable, underground building, and civil furniture manufacturing industries.

Maximum allowable use amount and maximum allowable residue standard for food additives

The Chinese name of the additive allows the use of the Chinese name of the food containing the additive. The maximum allowable usage amount (g/kg) and the maximum allowable residual amount (g/kg) of the additive function
N - (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) nonamide flavor for food and food The ingredients of each flavor used to prepare essence shall not exceed the maximum allowable use amount and maximum allowable residue in GB 2760
chemical property
Capsaicin is a natural compound extracted from chili peppers, which is one of the main chemical components of the spicy and pungent taste of chili peppers. Similar sheet-like solid crystals can also be obtained from petroleum ether. Melting point 65 ° C. The purified substance is a white crystalline amide belonging to phenolic derivatives. It is hydrolyzed into vanilloamine decenoate, which undergoes an acidic reaction and is insoluble in cold water. It is easily soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, and chloroform; Slightly soluble in carbon disulfide. Tearing and sneezing have strong effects. The minimum stimulating concentration is 1 × 10-3 milligrams per cubic meter. Can be made into a solution for use in police and personal defense sprayers.
Purpose:
Capsaicin can be used to synthesize capsaicin analogs with similar biological activity, as a rodent repellent, anti rodent cable material, and as an anti rodent additive for cable plastic sheaths to prevent animal bites. It can be used in the cable and optical cable industry. Biological anti fouling agents have been used in ship anti fouling coatings, applied to the parts of ships and marine structures that come into contact with seawater, to prevent the attachment of marine organisms such as algae, shellfish, and mollusks. They can achieve the goal of preventing the aggregation of aquatic organisms on the hull and replace organotin anti fouling coatings. In the field of medicine, it can be used for pain relief, inhibition of bacteria and fungi, promotion of blood circulation, and can be made into ointments, tinctures, creams, patches, etc. Expulsive agent, utilizing the strong tear inducing effect of artificially synthesized capsaicin, used to manufacture tear gas and other expulsion devices, as well as personal defense equipment.
Production method
The content of capsaicin varies greatly in different parts of chili peppers. Generally speaking, capsaicin is abundant in the placental tissue and inner membrane of chili plants, and there is also a small amount of distribution in the fleshy part of the fruit. Isotope tracing technology indicates that the biosynthesis of capsaicin is through two parts: vanillomine and fatty branched chain. Specifically, vanilloamine is synthesized from L-phenylalanine as the starting material, which undergoes steps such as deamination, hydroxylation, and esterification under the action of various biological enzymes. In addition, using L-valine as the starting material, the fatty side chain can be obtained through multiple carbon chain growth processes. Finally, under the action of capsaicin synthase, the two fragments can be "spliced" by acylation to obtain the final capsaicin.

The biosynthetic pathway of capsaicin