Barbury Wolfberry fruit P.E

English alias: LyciumExtract; wolfberrextract; BarburyWolfberryfruit; Chinesewolfberryextract; WolfberryPolysaccharides; BarburyWolChemicalbookfberryfruitP.E.; BarbaryWolfberryFruitP.E.; Wolfberry Polysaccharides, Lycium Extract Chinese name: Goji Berry Extract Chinese alias: Goji Berry Extract CBNumber: CB1546192

【 Source 】 It is the mature fruit of Lycium chi ense Mill or Lycium barbarum L. from Ningxia, which belong to the Solanaceae family.
[Alias] Also known as Goucai Zi, Sweet Cabbage Zi, Qizi, Red Green Pepper, Goujiao Zi, Dog Milk Zi, Ground Bone, Fruit Qizi, etc.
[Habitat and Distribution] Native to sandy loam soils at elevations of 2000-3000 meters, including riverbanks, dry slopes, canal banks, gravelly areas, salt tolerant, cold tolerant, drought tolerant, and suitable for salt desalination. Distributed in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other places, Ningxia has a large amount of cultivation, while Tianjin and Zhejiang have introduced cultivation. The main difference between goji berries and Ningxia goji berries is that the corolla tube and lobes are of equal length, the lower part of the tube shrinks sharply, and then expands upwards into a funnel-shaped shape. Both the tube and lobes are wider; Purple flowers with edge hairs; The sepals are usually 3-lobed or 4-5 toothed, with a flowering period from August to October.
【 Plant morphology 】 Deciduous shrubs or small trees grown after pruning, with a height of 0.8-2.5 meters. The stem is upright, gray yellow in color, with slender and weak upper branches, and the tip often slightly droops. The short branches are thorny, measuring 1-4cm in length, and the tip is sharp. Leaves often cluster in 2-3 clusters in the lower half of long branches, with a large shape, and alternate at the top of short or long branches, with a small shape; The petiole is 0.3-0.5cm long, the leaves are slightly thick, narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate, measuring 2.5-6cm long and 0.5-1.5cm wide. The base of the stem is wedge-shaped and extends downwards, with the entire margin. The upper part is dark green, the lower part is gray green, and the lateral veins are not obvious. Flowers solitary or clustered in clusters on the upper leaf axils of long branches; The flower stem is thin; Calyx cup-shaped, measuring 4-5mm in length, with 2-3 lobes at the top and ciliated edges at the tips of the lobes; The corolla is funnel-shaped, with a tube length of 8-10mm. The middle and lower parts of the tube become narrower, and the top lobes curl backwards. At first, it is pink or light purple pink, but later turns grayish yellow white, with no cilia on the edges; The stamen filaments are thin and unequal in length, with a small cluster of white soft hairs near the base of the filaments, and the anthers are longitudinally split; The pistil is silk thread shaped and the stigma is head shaped. Berries are ovate to ovate in shape, measuring 1-1.5cm in length and 6-9mm in diameter. They are orange or red in color and have persistent sepals. The seeds are mostly flattened and kidney shaped. The flowering period is from May to October, and the fruiting period is from June to November.

Main components and properties
Goji berries contain alkaloids, coumarins, and various amino acids. The alkaloid components include atropine, scopolamine, and betaine. Coumarin components include scopolamine. It also contains 3.39mg% carotene, 0.23mg% thiamine, 0.33mg% riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, β - sitosterol, resveratrol, polysaccharides, etc. The latter has the effects of enhancing immunity, anti-aging, and anti-tumor, and is a complex polysaccharide composed of acidic heteropolysaccharides and peptides or proteins.
Scopolatin: Molecular formula C10H8O4, molecular weight 192.16. Needle shaped or columnar crystals (chloroform or acetic acid), mp204 ℃. Slightly soluble in water or cold ethanol, soluble in hot ethanol or hot glacial acetic acid, easily soluble in chloroform, almost insoluble in benzene.
2. Rutin: also known as rutin or quercetin. Molecular formula C27H30O16, molecular weight 610.51. Light yellow needle shaped crystals (water), mp176 ℃~178 ℃, [α] D23+13.82 ° (ethanol), 1g dissolved in 7ml methanol, 8000ml water, 200ml boiling water.

pharmacological action
1. Antioxidant and anti-aging effects
Goji berry extract has antioxidant and anti-aging effects, and can significantly inhibit the generation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in mouse liver homogenate. It can also increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and red blood cell SOD in the blood; Human experiments have shown a significant inhibition of serum LPO production and an increase in GSH-PX activity in the blood, but no increase in RBC-SOD activity was observed. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can effectively combat free radical peroxidation and reverse the damaged membrane electrical function; Has the effect of regulating lipid metabolism. And it has a significant protective effect on CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation damage in mouse liver. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can significantly shorten the developmental period of fruit flies from egg to pupae and from egg to adult, and significantly increase the average lifespan of mice and fruit flies. Goji berries can increase the content of hydroxyproline in the skin of mice, significantly enhance their hypoxia tolerance, prolong their swimming time, and resist fatigue.
2. Hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective effects
Goji berry water extract has the effects of reducing cholesterol and protecting liver function in rats and rabbits. Long term (75 days) feeding of feed containing Lycium barbarum water extract (0.5% and 1%) or betaine (0.1%) has protective effect on liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride, can inhibit the changes in serum and liver lipids caused by carbon tetrachloride, shorten the sleep time of thiopental sodium, reduce the retention of phenol tetrabromo sodium (BSP), and reduce glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. For experimental hyperlipidemia in rabbits fed with high-fat diet, daily administration of 10ml goji berries per rabbit for 60 and 90 consecutive days can significantly prevent the increase of serum cholesterol and have a decreasing trend in triglycerides. The water extract and alcohol precipitation extract of Ningxia wolfberry leaves also has a cholesterol lowering effect. Ningxia wolfberry extract can significantly and persistently reduce blood glucose and increase glucose tolerance in rats. After taking 100mg of goji berry extract daily for 4 and 8 weeks, 30 elderly people over 60 years old showed a significant decrease in blood cholesterol, β - lipoprotein, and triglycerides.
3. Enhance immune function
Goji berry water extract has an enhancing effect on non-specific immunity and cellular immune function. It can significantly enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages. When the immune system is weakened, the immune enhancing effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides is more significant. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides selectively enhance the immune response mediated by T lymphocytes, especially thymic T cells. The application of goji berries to immunosuppressed animals can significantly increase the number of TH cells, increase the TH/TS ratio, significantly increase the low level of IL-2, and enhance the expression of IL-2R on the surface of T cells. The mechanism by which Lycium barbarum polysaccharides enhance immune function may be partially achieved by regulating the coordination of sympathetic nervous system and adrenal cortex functions in the hypothalamus and immune organs.
4. Antitumor effect
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can enhance the inhibitory activity of macrophages treated with ConA on tumor target cell proliferation in normal mice, and have inhibitory effects on the proliferation of target cells P815 and P388. Macrophages have a certain activating effect in non-specific or specific anti-tumor processes. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can also increase the 3H TdR incorporation value (CPM) of splenic T lymphocytes in S180 tumor bearing mice, enhance T lymphocyte proliferation response (RPI), and improve the tumor inhibition rate of cy when combined with cy. When the combination of goji berry frozen powder suspension and cy is used to treat Walktr carcinosarcoma 256 in rats, goji berry polysaccharides have a significant protective effect on the leukopenia caused by cy.
5. Estrogen like effects
For mice with complete bilateral ovariectomy, 0.5 mL of 50% goji berry water extract was administered orally for 14 consecutive days, and it was found that goji berries had a significant uterine weight gain effect. Goji berries and fruit stalks have significant effects on promoting uterine weight gain in both mature and immature normal mice; The effect of goji berry leaves is exactly the opposite, with significant weight loss in the uterus.
6. Effects on the hematopoietic system
Administering 0.5mL/kg of 10% goji berry water extract to normal mice daily for 10 consecutive days has a promoting effect on their hematopoietic function and can increase the number of white blood cells. 10mg/kg LBP was injected intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days, and the burst type erythroid colony forming unit (BFU-E) and erythroid colony forming unit (CFU-E) in the bone marrow of mice increased to 342% and 192% of the control group values, respectively. The proportion of peripheral blood reticulocytes increased to 218% of the control value on day 6. LBP injection also promoted the secretion of colony-stimulating factor by mouse spleen T lymphocytes and increased the serum colony-stimulating activity level of mice. In the in vitro culture system, LBP has no direct stimulating effect on granulocytes, but can enhance the colony stimulating activity of colony-stimulating factor (SE). After intraperitoneal injection of 50 healthy individuals who took 50g/d of goji berries for 10 consecutive days, their white blood cell count was 7143 ± 2938, which was significantly different from the pre administration level of 6446 ± 2811. This indicates that goji berries also have a significant effect on increasing white blood cells in healthy individuals.
7. Choline like effects
Intravenous injection of the water extract of goji berries can cause a decrease in blood pressure, respiratory excitement, slow heart rate, and stimulate the intestinal tract in rabbits. Its active ingredients are not betaine.
8. Other functions
Goji berry water extract has cholinergic effects such as lowering blood pressure, inhibiting the heart, and stimulating the intestines, while betaine does not have this effect. Goji berry water extract can accelerate the contraction frequency and increase the tension of rabbit uterus in vitro. In addition, goji berry extract can significantly promote the growth and acid production of lactic acid bacteria.
Extraction and Separation

【 Note 1 】 Dissolve in water, place on a DEAE cellulose column, wash with water, and then elute with 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mol/L sodium chloride in sequence. Develop the color using phenol method, combine the peak sugar fractions, dialyze, concentrate, and freeze dry.
identify
Characteristic identification
The berry is oval or spindle shaped, slightly flattened, 1-1.8cm long, and 0.4-0.65cm in diameter. The surface is bright red or dark red, with irregular wrinkles and a slight luster. There are small raised style marks at the top of the fruit, and slightly depressed white stem marks at the base. Soft and moisturizing in texture. The cross-section is circular, divided into two compartments by a transverse septum, with 20-50 flattened kidney shaped seeds on the central axis of the placenta. The seeds are 0.12-0.2cm long and 0.4-0.7mm wide, yellow in color, with fine concave points and obvious navel on the concave side. Those with large grains, red color, thick flesh, soft and smooth texture, few seeds, and sweet taste are preferred.
Microscopic identification
The outer skin of the fruit is composed of one row of flat cells with thick walls, surrounded by a stratum corneum, and has a fine toothed protrusion on the outer edge. The mesocarp consists of more than 10 rows of thin-walled cells, with smaller cells in the outer 1-2 rows and larger cells in the middle. Some cells contain calcium oxalate sand crystals. Double tough vascular bundle, mostly, hashed. One row of endocarp cells, elliptical in shape, elongated in the tangential direction. The epidermis of the seed coat consists of a single row of stone cells, which are rectangular in shape. The side and inner walls are thickened in a U-shape. Below it are 3-4 rows of squeezed thin-walled cells. The innermost layer consists of flattened rectangular thin-walled cells with slight lignification. The endosperm, embryonic root, and thin-walled cells of cotyledons contain fatty oil and granular contents.
UV Spectral Identification
Take 1g of coarse powder (20-40 mesh) and place 4 portions in 50ml iodine volumetric flasks. Add 20ml of petroleum ether (60-90 ℃), chloroform, anhydrous ethanol, and distilled water to each flask, soak at room temperature for 2 hours, shake, filter, and dilute the filtrate appropriately with the corresponding solvent. Measure its UV spectrum on a Shimadzu UV-3000 UV spectrophotometer. Test conditions: wavelength range of 190-400nm, absorption range of 0-3A, slit of 1nm, scanning speed of 200nm/min, scale expansion of 20nm/cm. The results showed that the λ maxPet of goji berries were 221.0, 244.0, 250.0, 257.5, 262.0 (sh), 278.5, 335.5 (sh) nm, the λ maxCHCl3 was 243.3, 283.0, 346.0nm, the λ maxEtOH was 206.5, 287.5nm, and the λ maxH2O was 198.0, 272.0 (sh) nm.

1. Petroleum ether immersion solution 2. Chloroform immersion solution 3. Anhydrous ethanol immersion solution 4. Water immersion solution
Taste and efficacy
[Taste] Sweet and flat.
【 Indications and Functions 】 Nourish the liver and kidneys, nourish essence and improve vision. Used for deficiency of labor and essence, waist and knee pain, dizziness and tinnitus, internal heat quenching thirst, blood deficiency and yellowing, and blurred vision.