Astragalus Polysacharin

【Product Storage】: Store in a cool, dry place away from light and high temperature.

【Product Packaging】: 25kg/cardboard barrel. Can be packaged according to customer needs.

【Shelf Life】: Two years

【Quality Standard】:

【Specification】: Astragaloside I: 0.3%-98% Astragaloside: 10-70%

【Test Method】: HPLC, UV

【Drying Loss】 5% Max

【Ash Content】 5% Max

【Heavy Metals】 10ppm Max

【Lead (Pb)】 2ppm Max

【Arsenic (As)】: 1ppm Max

【Total Bacteria Count】: 1,000CFU/g Max

【Yeast and Mold Count】: 100CFU/g Max

Fold to edit this section Plant Characteristics
Perennial herb, 50~80 cm high. The main root is deep, stick-shaped, and slightly woody. The dry root is cylindrical, rarely divergent, thicker at the top, thinner at the bottom, flat at both ends, 20~70cm long, 1~3cm thick, grayish yellow or light brown on the surface, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles or grooves all over, weak and unique smell, slightly sweet taste, and bean smell when chewed. Flowering period is June to July, and fruiting period is August to September. Dig in autumn.

Fold and edit this section Plant distribution
Distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Gansu and other places, growing in jungle valleys.

Fold and edit this section Chemical composition
There are many chemical components, mainly containing saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides and amino acids.

1 Saponins More than 40 triterpenoid saponins have been isolated from Astragalus and its close relatives. Their structures are tetracyclic triterpenoids and pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides. The sugars of the glycosides are mostly glucose, galactose, and rhamnose, which are mostly connected to the 3rd and 6th positions of the aglycone. Some hydroxyl groups of some glycosides are acetylated. Astragaloside I and Astragaloside II are isolated from Astragaloside membranaceus. There are acetylastragaloside I, Astragaloside I~VIII, Isoastragaloside I~II, Atramembrannin, Cycloastragenol (Cyclosiversigenin) and Soyasaponin in Astragaloside membranaceus; Astragaloside membranaceus contains Astragaloside 1, I, W and Soyasaponin 1 in Mongolian Astragalus.

2 Polysaccharides Four kinds of polysaccharides were isolated from Inner Mongolian Astragalus, two of which are glucans AG-1 and AG-2, and the other two are heteropolysaccharides AH-1 and AH-2, of which AG-1 and AH-1 have immune-promoting effects.

3 Flavonoids The flavonoids contained in Astragalus membranaceus are mainly flavonoids. Isoflavones, dihydroflavonoids, mainly include kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, rhamnosin, ursin, calycosmin, formononetin, 2',4'-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-flavane (2',4'-dihydroxv-5,6-dimethoxvisoflavane) L-3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan - (L-3-hydroxv-9-methoxypterocarpan) and its glycosides. The sugars of its glycosides are mostly glucose and rhamnose. Rhamnosin 3-glucoside and quercetin 3-glucoside are separated from the stems and leaves of Astragalus membranaceus.

4 Amino acids 21 free amino acids were detected in the root of Astragalus, including asparamide, canaraine, proline, arginine, aspartic acid, r-aminobutyric acid, etc.

5 Alkaloids Choline (eholme) and betaine were separated from Astragalus membranaceus.

6 Organic acids The organic acids of Astragalus are mainly vanillic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacrylic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and palmitic acid.

7 Trace elements The trace elements in Astragalus are mainly iron, manganese, zinc and rubidium, and it is also reported that it is rich in selenium.

8 Others Astragalus also contains daucostero1, folic acid, and β-sitosterol.

[Product content] Astragalus polysaccharide 20%, 50%.

[Detection method] UV

Fold and edit this section Pharmacological effects
This product has the effects of enhancing immunity, enhancing energy, anti-fatigue, anti-mutation, protecting the liver, and inhibiting osteoclasts. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Astragalus has the effects of replenishing qi and raising yang, consolidating the surface and stopping sweating, supporting toxins and draining pus, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, and healing sores and promoting muscle regeneration. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Astragalus has the effects of enhancing the body's immune function, strengthening the heart and lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugar, diuresis, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor, anti-virus, sedation, and analgesia.

1 Effect on the immune system

Effect on nonspecific immune function

Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) can significantly enhance the percentage and index of phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells in mice. Further separation of Astragalus polysaccharide obtained 3 monomer polysaccharides: 123, and experiments were carried out separately. The results showed that polysaccharide 1 can increase spleen weight and cell number, but inhibit the immune response of spleen cells to sheep red blood cells. 2 is similar to 1 but weaker, and polysaccharide 3 has no effect. Astragalus saponins can promote the proliferation and differentiation of lymph node B cells and the formation of plasma cell antibodies. Astragalus can promote the formation of immune-specific rosettes of mouse lymphocytes to sheep blood cells. Astragalus polysaccharides significantly enhance the phagocytic luminescence intensity of macrophages and inhibit the release of PGE2, but further promote the release of TNF. Cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen significantly inhibits the release of PGE2 and TNF, and has no significant effect on phagocytic function. Therefore, it can be suggested that the combination of immune activators and cyclooxygenase inhibitors is expected to become a new drug treatment for traumatic infections.

Effect on humoral immunity

Astragalus has a significant promoting effect on the antibody production function of normal organisms. Astragalus exhibits multiple physiological activities in humoral immunity, enhancing the phagocytic activity of mononuclear macrophages, releasing immune active substances to somatic cells and natural killer cells, inducing interferon and interleukin, etc. One of its antiviral principles may be to improve the ability of patients' leukocytes to induce interferon. Normal people significantly increase IgE3 after taking Astragalus whole herb extract tablets. Astragalus can promote the phagocytic function of macrophages, promote the proliferation of B cells and inhibit the total complement activity. It has an inducing effect on the production of interleukins, promotes the immune-specific rosette formation of mouse lymphocytes on sheep blood cells, and has a significant protective effect on the immunodeficiency caused by immunosuppressants. It is an immunomodulator with a bidirectional effect. Astragalus polysaccharide is a type of substance with strong immunological activity in Astragalus. It can enhance the phagocytic function of phagocytes. From the spleen and thymus weight, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, total number of spleen cells and plaque-forming cells, it can be seen that Astragalus polysaccharide and red Astragalus polysaccharide can completely and partially antagonize the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide or prednisolone.

Effect on cellular immunity Astragalus can promote somatic cellular immune function.

Its effect of enhancing the immune function of human blood lymphocytes may be due to the partial reduction of inhibitory T cell activity. Astragalus polysaccharide can increase the gene transcription expression of IL-2mRNA and IL-2RmRNA in activated T lymphocytes after trauma by regulating the content and promoting phosphatidylinositol metabolism, which may be one of the mechanisms of Astragalus polysaccharide to correct post-traumatic cellular immune dysfunction. The regulatory effect of Astragalus on T cells and the cytokines they secrete may be related to its regulation of the production of IgG subclasses.

Effect on natural killer cells

Astragalus can protect target cells against T cell activity, but its degree is not as strong as its promotion of T cell activity. It improves NK cell activity by inducing lymphocytes to produce type II interferon mediators. Therefore, it is believed that NK cells may be the precursor cells of T cells, and the effect of Astragalus on NK cells is consistent with its activation effect on T cells.

Effect on induced interferon

Astragalus has a significant stimulating effect on the interferon system, including self-induction, promotion of induction and activity. Astragalus itself has a certain anti-tumor effect. Astragalus polysaccharide (5 mg/kg) has a similar anti-tumor effect to IL-2/LAK and has a significant enhancing effect on the anti-tumor effect of IL-2/LAK.

2 Effects on body metabolism

1 Effect on cell metabolism By observing the growth of human fetal kidney cells, human fetal lung diploid cells and mouse kidney cells in a nutrient solution containing astragalus, it was found that astragalus can enhance the physiological metabolism of cells. After mice were given water decoction and normal people took dried astragalus extract tablets, the plasma CAMp content was significantly increased. SC Astragalus injection in mice can significantly increase the total number of white blood cells and the number of multinucleated white blood cells. Astragalus can also promote the formation, development and maturation process of various types of blood cells, and promote the hematopoietic function of bone marrow. For liver cells cultured in vitro, Astragalus can promote RNA and protein synthesis, suggesting that it can extend cell life, enhance cell metabolism and delay aging.
2 Effects on nucleic acid metabolism
The degree to which astragalus polysaccharide (ASP) inhibits the activity of free RN-ase is: kidney < liver < lung < spleen. This result should be explained by the relative increase rate of the equilibrium reaction. The effect of APS is significant in low RI tissues. Astragalus has an inhibitory effect on the RNA metabolism of human lung diploid cells. Astragalus decoction can significantly promote the synthesis of DNA in bone marrow hematopoietic cells and accelerate the process of nucleated cell division. Astragalus saponin can significantly increase the DNA content of regenerated liver, while astragalus polysaccharide has no obvious effect on DNA metabolism.

3 Effect on internal cyclic nucleotides
Astragalus decoction can significantly increase the content of internal cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and Cgmp) in mouse plasma and tissues, but its effects on various organs are different; administration increases cAMP and decreases cGMP; the opposite is true for the liver ; and increased in the spleen. Further experiments showed that the effect of Astragalus on cAMP was caused by its inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE).

4 Effects on protein and other metabolism
Giving mice astragalus decoction by gavage for 10 days can significantly increase the rate of H-leucine incorporated into serum and liver proteins without affecting the protein content. That is, astragalus can promote serum and protein renewal in mice. And it is believed that the polysaccharides in it are likely to be effective ingredients in promoting protein renewal. Astragalus saponin 100g/kg intragastric administration also has similar effects. Astragalus has a tendency to increase blood sugar levels in animals with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, but the increase is small. 3 Effects on the cardiovascular system

1 Effect on the heart
Astragalus decoction has no obvious effect on the isolated frog heart, but the alcohol extract can enhance the contraction of the isolated frog or toad heart, significantly enlarging the amplitude, and inhibiting it in large doses. Therefore, astragalus saponin may achieve cardiotonic effects through NA and K-ATPase. It is reported that astragalus can increase the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in human cardiomyocytes. The above suggests that Astragalus has a calcium antagonistic effect, which can reduce the intramyocardial CA flow caused by viral infection, may reduce the secondary CA damage of infected cells, and has an inhibitory effect on the replication of viral RNA in cells, showing its role in viral myocarditis. Application value in clinical treatment. However, a single dose of astragalus has no preventive effect on CVB3 myocarditis. Astragalus saponin has a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium, similar to cardiac glycosides. Experiments have shown that total astragalus saponins can significantly improve the cardiac contractility of dogs with myocardial infarction, enhance coronary flow, and have a protective effect on cardiac function. Research shows that the antioxidant effect of astragalus on free radicals may be one of the cardiotonic mechanisms. Astragaloside IV injection is an effective inotropic drug other than digitalis.

2 Effects on blood vessels and blood pressure
Astragalus has the effect of dilating blood vessels and coronary arteries. Therefore, it is believed that its antihypertensive effect is the result of direct dilation of peripheral blood vessels and has no dependence on the heart, nor is it related to histamine release or adrenergic receptor action. It shows that the effect of Astragalus on blood pressure is related to central neuropeptides, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, carnosine-carnosine system, and hydroxyproline. The antihypertensive component of Astragalus was once thought to be an alkaline substance, but later it was discovered that the roots of Astragalus plants contain aminobutyric acid, and its content is almost completely parallel to the strength of its antihypertensive effect, so it is considered to be an effective antihypertensive ingredient. In terms of vascular effects, GABA is not entirely representative of Astragalus. Astragalus can promote the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells to varying degrees, which is beneficial to promoting the angiogenesis process. Saponins such as astragalus saponins IIⅢⅣ and isoflavones such as formononetin and callisoflavone in Astragalus membranaceus have a significant effect on improving the deformation ability of hatched red blood cells. This may be an important factor for Astragalus membranaceus to improve hemorrheological indicators. Mechanism: An important part of the effect of Astragalus on human red blood cell membranes may be to protect human red blood cell membranes from free radical attacks.

4 Effects on stress response

1 Anti-fatigue effect
Intraperitoneal injection of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of astragalus polysaccharide significantly prolonged swimming time at room temperature in normal mice and mice with "yang deficiency" caused by hydrocortisone, and increased the adrenal gland weight of mice under stress. . Astragalus extract can significantly increase plasma cortisol content, adrenal gland weight, and lipid vacuole content in adrenocortical cells in rats under swimming stress. Cerebral hypoxia caused by ligation of the carotid arteries on both sides has a significant antagonistic effect and can significantly prolong the survival time of mice.

2 Resistant to low temperature and high temperature
Astragalus polysaccharide 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, can significantly enhance the low temperature tolerance of normal mice, starved mice and hydrocortisone treated mice, significantly improving the survival time; but has no obvious high temperature tolerance. 5.4.3 Anti-radiation effect Astragalus total flavonoids have a certain protective effect on the immune system damage caused by this radiation. Its mechanism of action may be related to the antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects of astragalus total flavonoids, which prevent immune cells from being damaged by lipid peroxidation. At the same time, astragalus total flavonoids may also have the function of changing the energy metabolism of immune cells and promoting lymphocyte division.

5 Anti-aging effects long-term use

Astragalus has certain significance in preventing senile arteriosclerosis and improving aging lung function. Human embryonic lung diploid fibroblasts cultured in vitro survived to 52 generations, while cultured cells containing 0.2% astragalus extract survived to 77 generations. The changes in organelles during the aging process of cells in the drug group were compared with the aging rate of cells in the control group. Basically the same, but the degree of change is slight and the rate of change is relatively slow. In particular, the Golgi complex of the cells in the drug group is particularly developed. Although the cells have become senescent, they are not very senescent. Research has proven that astragalus has good effects on longevity, and it deserves great attention and development as an anti-aging drug.

6 Effects on the urinary system

Intravenous injection of Astragalus injection can significantly increase serum albumin and significantly reduce serum cholesterol in the rat model of minimal change nephropathy, increase the blood supply of glomerular capillary filaments, and also significantly reduce scrotal edema and ascites. , the diet and mental state of the animals in the administration group were also better than those in the control group; Astragalus could significantly reduce the amount of protein in urine; pathological observation also proved that the lesions in the Astragalus group were reduced, and this inhibitory effect on nephritis may be related to the enhancement of metabolism by Astragalus , related to improving the nutritional status of the whole body. Astragalus can reduce renal lesions in spontaneous lupus mice through immunomodulatory effects.

7 Hepatoprotective effect

Astragalus can protect the liver and prevent the reduction of liver glycogen. Two types of astragaloside, ASI and SK, can resist liver damage caused by D-galactosamine and acetaminophen. Astragaloside is the effective component of Astragalus against hepatotoxic damage. In addition to resisting biological oxidation, its mechanism is also related to metabolic regulation. Other studies believe that astragalus has a certain effect on preventing liver fibrosis.

8 Effects on the central nervous system

Subcutaneous injection of astragalus into mice maintained sedation for several hours. Mice drinking 30% astragalus decoction for 15 days can enhance the learning and memory of mice. Experiments show that astragalus is beneficial to the storage of information in the mouse brain.

9 Effect on smooth muscle

5% and 10% Astragalus decoction can significantly increase the tension, slow down the peristalsis and increase the amplitude of rabbit intestinal tube in vivo; it has an inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit intestinal tube and uterus. Astragalus saponin can reduce the tone of isolated ileum of guinea pigs.

10 Hormone-like effects

Astragalactone and astragalosterol in astragalus extract had no significant effect on the body weight, levator ani muscle or kidney weight of rats and mice, indicating no anabolic hormone or androgen-like effects.

11 Antibacterial, antiviral and anti-tumor effects

Astragalus polysaccharide has a significant antagonistic effect on tuberculosis infection; other ingredients such as amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc. have been found to have significant anti-follicular stomatitis virus effects. Animal and transchemical cell experiments have shown that Astragalus injection has a certain blocking effect on the infection process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and virus (EHFV) in suckling mice. Astragalus has in vitro effects on Shigella dysentery, Bacillus anthracis, a-active Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Bacillus diphtheriae, Bacillus pseudodiphtheriae, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus citrine, Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis, etc. Has antibacterial effect.

Reference usage and dosage

1. Astragalus polysaccharide soluble powder

Drink water. Each poultry should be dosed with 0.05~0.1 (1kg can be used for 10,000-20,000 birds); the preventive dose is halved, and the therapeutic dose is 2-6g per animal (1kg can be used for 160-500 animals) such as horses and cattle; Each livestock such as sheep and pigs should be treated with medicine.

2. Astragalus polysaccharide extract

Dilute with drinking water. The therapeutic dosage is 0.1~0.2g per bird (1kg can be used for 5000~10000 birds).

Reduce prophylactic dosage by half.

3. Astragalus traditional Chinese medicine powder

Feeding with mixed ingredients, the therapeutic dosage is 0.5~1g for poultry, 5~15g for sheep and pigs, 2~5g for rabbits, and the preventive dosage is halved.