yeast β - glucan

The active structure of β - glucan is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units, most of which bind through β -1,3, which is the way glucose chains connect. It can activate macrophages, neutrophils, etc., thus increasing the content of white blood cells, cytokinins, and special antibodies, comprehensively stimulating the body's immune system, and having a very good repairing effect on damaged cells. So, the body is more prepared to resist diseases caused by microorganisms. β - glucan can rapidly restore the ability of lymphocytes in injured bodies to produce cytokines (IL-1), effectively regulating the body's immune function.
Numerous experiments have shown that β - glucan can promote the production of IgM antibodies in the body, thereby enhancing the immune function of body fluids. This glucan activated cell can stimulate host non-specific defense mechanisms, so its application in tumors, infectious diseases, and the treatment of trauma is highly anticipated. β -1,3-glucan extracted by special steps from Agaricus bisporus and free of endotoxins has been recognized by the US FDA as a safe substance that can be added to health foods. Many reports have shown that oral administration of yeast β -1,3-glucan to mice can increase the phagocytic effect of strong peritoneal cell antibacterial activity.
Yeast β - glucan is a polysaccharide with enhanced immune activity that exists in the yeast cell wall. β - glucan is widely present in various fungi and plants, such as American Agaricus bisporus, shiitake mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum, and oats, and is the main functional substance for their health benefits. Yeast glucan has stronger immune enhancing activity and has the effects of improving blood lipids, clearing toxins, resisting radiation, repairing cells, and improving intestinal function.

Product Name:	beta-(1,3)-D-Glucan
Synonyms:	Glucan, 80%, from yeast;poly-d-glucan;polyglucan;polyglucosan;PARAMYLON;glucan from baker'S yeast;d-glucan;d-glucosan
CAS:	9012-72-0
MF:	C18H30O14X2
MW:	470.42
EINECS:	232-739-1
Product Categories:	Biochemistry;Polysaccharides;Sugars;Nutraceuticals;Elisa Kit-plant ELISA Kit
Mol File:	9012-72-0.mol

quality analysis
Identification reaction
Sulfuric acid anthrone method: Polysaccharides can be dehydrated to form furfural or its derivatives under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid, and the products can be condensed with anthrone reagents to form colored substances. After the reaction, the solution appears blue-green.
Infrared spectroscopy: When the vibration of compound molecules is accompanied by a change in dipole moment, the distribution of charges within the molecules will generate an alternating electric field. Infrared absorption will only occur when its frequency is equal to the frequency of the incident radiation electromagnetic wave (infrared light with energy between 4000-400 cm-1). During the vibration and rotation of compound molecules, only bonds that undergo a net dipole moment change exhibit infrared activity. Certain functional groups always correspond to certain characteristic absorption frequencies, and the structure of organic compounds can be identified based on the position, intensity, and peak shape of the infrared absorption peaks.
Thin layer chromatography: Because polysaccharide molecules are hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid to form their structural units of sugars, they are developed on a silica gel thin layer plate under the drive of a developing agent. By comparing the bands of the acid hydrolyzed sample and the standard sample, the structural units of polysaccharides can be determined.
Content determination method
Sulfuric acid phenol method: Yeast glucan dissolved in water reacts with phenol sulfuric acid in the form of carbohydrates, and its content is determined by colorimetry. The color intensity is proportional to the content of yeast glucan, and the content of glucan in the sample is calculated accordingly.
High performance liquid chromatography: Determine the molecular weight distribution of yeast glucan through the measured chromatography. [2]
physiological function
Anti radiation, neutralizing chemical toxins
When ionizing radiation or chemical toxins penetrate biological tissues, the energy of the particles or chemical molecules of the radiation is directly absorbed by the biomolecules, or through ion diffusion and the action of free radicals, other biomolecules undergo chemical changes, causing physical and chemical damage. The unique inverted triple helix structure of pectin can neutralize toxins in the body and promote hematopoietic function. Administration of β - glucan can enhance the activity of blood cell generation, including the generation of granulocytes, monocytes, and red blood cells, leading to better recovery from lethal doses of radiation or toxins. The US Air Force Biological Research Center treated mice with lethal doses of radiation and toxins and found that 80% of individuals who had previously taken β - glucan orally were completely unaffected by the toxicity.
Eliminate toxins and enhance immune function. Yeast glucan can stimulate and enhance the phagocytic activity of immune cells such as NK cells and macrophages, stimulate the release of interleukin to enhance the body's ability to resist harmful toxins, effectively enhance the body's ability to clear toxins, and improve the body's immunity;
Repair cells and have anti radiation effects. The anti radiation effect of pectin is the result of promoting hematopoietic function. Yeast glucan can enhance the generation activity of blood cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, and organ tissue cells, thereby restoring body cells damaged by lethal doses of radiation.
☆ Regulate blood lipids. Research has found that yeast glucan can significantly reduce human triglyceride levels, lower LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels, and increase HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels, effectively preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, and stroke;
☆ Anti tumor. The main goal of studying the anti-cancer function of yeast β - glucan is to enhance the activity and phagocytic ability of macrophages present in higher mammalian tissues. One of the functions of β - glucan is to enhance the ability of macrophages. Yeast glucan can enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages by several times or more, and usually has a strong inhibitory rate on mutant cells. While protecting and enhancing the combat ability of immune cells, it can further target dormant, drug-resistant, and subclinical lesions of "residual tumor cells" for targeted killing.
β - glucan has the ability to scavenge free radicals and resist oxidation
Dr. Patchen from the US Air Force Radiobiology Research Center reported that β - glucan can effectively eliminate free radicals in the body, thereby protecting macrophages from free radical attacks after radiation, allowing these macrophages to continue to function normally.
☆ Effective oral immunostimulants
All kinds of cancers, persistent and incurable hepatitis B, rheumatic diseases, recurrent oral ulcers, allergies, autoimmune diseases, various infectious diseases, and even the aging process of people have a common feature: the immune response is weak or incomplete. The role of β -1,3/-1,6-glucan is to strengthen the weak or imperfect immune response and return to normal.
β -1,3/-1,6-glucan is a hexavalent bond structure, and its mitogenic activity can assist immune cells from multiple perspectives. This includes increasing the activity of natural killer cells and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, enhancing the proliferation response of peripheral monocytes to produce mitogens, stimulating the release of interleukins, and inducing phagocytosis of neutrophils. Its functions can effectively enhance the human immune system, improve the human immune system, and achieve the optimal balance of the self immune system. Czap from the Harvard International School of Biochemistry said that pectin makes these immune cells a "defensive arsenal".
Reduce cholesterol, prevent and treat stone disease
When yeast glucan B enters the human body, its unique triple helix structure determines that it will not be hydrolyzed into glucose and other monosaccharides in the gastrointestinal tract (therefore, it has no effect on diabetic patients taking β -1,3 and 1,6-glucan), but it will combine with specific receptors, through endocytosis (or pinocytosis), eventually pass through the intestinal epithelium, enter the lymphatic system, and enter the blood system from the lymphatic system to play a role. Cholesterol in the liver will be converted into bile acid, which can help digest lipids when it reaches the small intestine. Bile acid will then be absorbed back into the liver by the small intestine and converted into cholesterol. As yeast glucan, as a dietary fiber, can form a gelatinous substance in the small intestine to surround bile acid, bile acid cannot be absorbed back into the liver through the small intestinal wall, but is excreted through the digestive tract. Therefore, when bile acid is needed for digestion of food in the intestine, the liver can only rely on absorbing cholesterol from the blood to supplement the consumed bile acid, thereby reducing cholesterol in the blood. β - glucan has the function of absorbing bile acids and promoting their excretion from the body, promoting the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, maintaining the normal metabolism of cholesterol, effectively inhibiting the increase of cholesterol in serum, and preventing and treating stone diseases in the body.
Regulating blood sugar levels
It can improve the perception of insulin in peripheral tissues, reduce the requirement for insulin, promote the recovery of glucose, and have obvious inhibitory and preventive effects on diabetes.
β -1,3/-1,6-glucan (specific structure) can protect and repair pancreatic beta cells (also known as pancreatic beta cells, accounting for about 70% of the total number of pancreatic beta cells, can secrete insulin, and play a role in regulating blood glucose levels)
Yeast β - glucan can stimulate relevant fungal substances in the spleen, regulate insulin secretion, and achieve the effect of balancing blood sugar
The high viscosity and gelling properties of β - glucan increase the gastric mucosal barrier function and inhibit glucose metabolism.
Eliminate wrinkles and pigmentation
β - glucan has also been proven to effectively enhance the sensing ability of all macrophages in the human body. It has a driving effect on Langerhans macrophages in the skin, can exert skin defense and repair functions, improve the synthesis ability of collagen and elastin proteins in the dermis, and eliminate wrinkles. Assist in the regeneration, reconstruction, and repair of body tissue structures, and promote wound healing. Clinical evidence has shown that β -1,3/-1,6-glucan, when used on the skin, can increase skin elasticity, make the skin soft and fair, improve the synthesis of collagen and elastin, supply various cell growth factors, eliminate wrinkles, pigmentation, cleanse the skin, and repair sensitivity. Enhance skin resistance, awaken the self-cleaning function of the skin's "cleaner", and showcase healthy and beautiful skin.
Product Features
☆ Natural safety: Yeast glucan is the main component of yeast cell wall, completely extracted from yeast and widely present in fungal mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus);
☆ High biological activity: It has strong biological activity in enhancing immunity, clearing toxins, resisting radiation, repairing cells, and reducing blood lipids;
Application scope
☆ Raw materials in various foods, such as meat products, dairy products, cookies, beverages, and fruit juices;
☆ Health food and drug ingredients, used to enhance immunity, eliminate toxins, resist radiation, repair cells, regulate blood lipids, and assist in the treatment of tumors;
☆ Various cosmetics raw materials, such as shampoo, bath gel, facial mask, hand cream, hand lotion, facial cleanser, etc;
As a feed additive, it can help livestock, ruminants, aquatic products, poultry and other animals improve their immunity and reduce the effects of heavy metals
Other research findings

Beta glucan is a complex polysaccharide that is linked together in various ways, including beta-1,3-glucan, beta-1,4-glucan, and beta-1,6-glucan. β -1,3/-1,6-glucan has the highest activity, and these medium-sized molecules can be extracted from bread yeast, Brazilian mushrooms, oats, and barley. Although many clinical studies have been conducted on different sources of glucans, it is still unclear whether these glucans are completely different. For example, the β - glucan extracted from Agaricus bisporus can be retained in the human gut, showing effects in reducing cholesterol and lowering insulin and blood sugar levels. Meanwhile, many studies have shown that Brazilian mushroom beta glucan has certain anti-tumor and immune enhancing effects.
Compared to studies on beta glucan from other sources, research on yeast beta glucan is different and much more detailed. In fact, many detailed studies have been conducted on yeast beta glucan, indicating that it has certain effects on the immune system, radiation damage, repair of cells, and the decline of tumors. These studies are very precise, even identifying specific receptors for yeast beta glucan on immune cells that enhance immunity and anti-tumor immunity.
In one of the studies, researchers found that yeast beta-1,3-glucan directly binds to the Dectin-1 receptor of macrophages, which can provide us with the first line of protection against harmful bacteria and other health threats. Dectin-1 is believed to play a significant role in the intestinal phagocytosis of yeast beta glucan and its ability to activate macrophages for the purification of harmful substances. This makes yeast beta glucan play a significant role in helping the body fight infections or helping macrophages clear foot chains or dead cells.
Another receptor is the CR3 receptor on white blood cells. White blood cells help fight against infections and tumors by binding to antibodies together with beta glucan. Once beta glucan and antibodies bind to the CR3 receptor of white blood cells, they will destroy specific pathogens and tumor cells.
This has profound significance when doctors use monoclonal antibodies to combat tumor cells. When using our own antibodies (or external antibodies) and beta glucan to bind to the receptor site, we can clearly observe the degeneration of tumor cells.
Beta glucan has binding sites similar to human monocyte receptors to activate them. Immune cells, such as neutrophils, can release leukotrienes with anti infective properties. It has been proven that beta glucan plays a partial role in this activation.
Yeast beta glucan has potential efficacy in preventing wound decay, radiation damage, tumor radiotherapy, and pathogenic bacterial infections. The test data is very awesome, and the measurement has reached the biochemical level.
It is evident that beta glucan derived from oats and barley does not have the same efficacy as yeast beta glucan. Meanwhile, mushroom beta glucan has similar efficacy to yeast beta glucan, but research also shows that mushroom derived beta glucan is not as efficient as yeast derived beta glucan.